More reading about Value

Modernisation and Post Modernisation: Cultural, Economic &Political Change in 42 societies.  R Inglehart.  Princeton: Princeton University Press 1997.

Modernisation typically industrialises and urbanises, educates the populace, leads to occupational specialisation and leads to traditional societies operating to commercial norms.  Capitalism demands perpetual growth but when growth diminishes in material wealth, subjective wellbeing also decreases.

Post materialist values become apparent via secularisation and individualisation.  Survival values change to the need for well being values.  Achievement motivation changes to post materialist motivation. Bureaucratic management changes to participatory.  This can be measured by changes in society - equal rights are given to minority groups; democratic political organisations flourish; and state socialist regimes decline.

Satz Review.  Independent Review of Barclays Business Practices April 2013 www.barclays.com/content/dern/barclayspublic/documents/news
Modern businesses have "organisational values" stated to drive business performance.  A mismatch of performance drivers and values driven culture was found to be the basis of business crisis in 2008.  In 2007/8 the financial crisis was symptomatic of management practice in many companies  Cultural challenges of short term financial performance; bonus and pay culture rewarding achievement of escalating targets in preference to serving customer and client needs; along with managerial disinclination to listen to bad nows.  Employees were pressured to deliver, irrespective of compliance with Company Values or customer best interest.  This led to falsification of stats leading to catastrophic business collapse.

Feminine Sentences, Janet Wolff, 1990 Polity Press, Cambridge.  

Gender Values.  Culture is central to gender formation.  Gender identity is displayed via art literature and film, but these identities are typically created from a patriarchal perspective  Culture is a critical area by which to challenge social arrangements of gender - culture portrays sexual divisions in society.  This leads to the experiences of women being the subject of their writing/paint/portrayal.  Culture gives space for different voices to speak - and for hitherto silenced subjects to articulate their experiences - provided there is an audience for them.

Handbook of Communication Ethics, Cheney, May, Munshi, 2011,  Routledge, NY

Feminism Values.  Key themes and values of third wave feminisms - co-operation, community; emotional and personal knowledge and integrated thinking.  These may appear idealistic and may be in opposition to traditional terms.  Patrice M Buzzanell Ch 5 p67

Voice is a political issue - it is about power and about who gets heard.  There is a need to focus on who can speak When, Where and How.  (Puttnam & Boys 2006).  Voice gives movement between private and public realms by those who typically cannot speak or be heard, (particularly if they are not a member of an in-crowd).  Gaining voice gives partial movement to transform power dynamics.  p69.  Portraying unrecognised achievements gives face and form to injustice (or the unknown).

Need to use theory to explain findings or make theory from findings.  Use qualitative data (rather than quantitative).  p260  There is a need to theorise representation in its contextualised and multi-layered landscapes of meaning and experience.  To create alternatives to how we represent people now: by demeaning, devaluing and excluding some, while privileging others.  What other models of representation might we find or imagine? Inclusive and pluralistic?  Of and from diverse groups?  Just or unjust world?  Benefit certain groups at the expense of others?

Does the theory explain the research more than the subject?  Howe might we represent differently?  What is not represented and why not?

Narrative Theory, Herman Phelan, 2012, Ohio State University

Post structuralism values  Representation of gender and sexuality - identify contradictions and avoid reconciling and resolving them.  This is because deviations from the norm make deviations from the dominant ideology visible.  Pay attention to what is not represented.