Why reference? Situates your work in history and culture. Strengthens and gives credibility. Shows grasp of conventions. Shows your working and progress through ideas to your conclusion. Also identifies the gap.
Integral citation - X (date) says ... Privileges the author. Most often used when you want to identify a seminal writer, and they are the most important thing.
Or when you are comparing/contrasting two authors, so you can be specific about each writer's position.
Non-integral citations. This idea shows .... (X, date). Privileges the idea, and is used more often when you are reviewing and analysing the concepts while acknowledging the author.
Or when you are giving a negative evaluation of what an author says.
Direct quotes used for short pieces of text. A summary is used for long pieces of text that you want to reference and paraphrasing is used for shorter pieces that you can say better or apply in a context.
Direct quotes to be used when you cannot say it better. Be selective in this.
Indirect quotes to be used when you are showing your interpretation, and how you control and craft your text. Gives your authorial voice.
Verbs used when using integral and non-integral citations indicate your stance and give authorial voice: X says; X claims; X suggests; X postulates; X proves.
Use of past/present tense gives indication of your view on cited work - present tense for concepts that are current; past tense for outdated thinking.
Coventry uses Harvard referencing (Author, date) with tweaks!
A good session.
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